An example of how one can defer providing the X and B vectors to the Amesos2 solver until just before calling a solve using the setX and setB methods.
#include <Teuchos_Array.hpp>
#include <Teuchos_ScalarTraits.hpp>
#include <Teuchos_RCP.hpp>
#include <Teuchos_Tuple.hpp>
#include <Teuchos_VerboseObject.hpp>
#include <Teuchos_CommandLineProcessor.hpp>
#include <Tpetra_Core.hpp>
#include <Tpetra_Map.hpp>
#include <Tpetra_MultiVector.hpp>
#include <Tpetra_Vector.hpp>
#include <Tpetra_CrsMatrix.hpp>
#include <Tpetra_Import.hpp>
#include <MatrixMarket_Tpetra.hpp>
#include "Amesos2.hpp"
#include "Amesos2_Version.hpp"
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  Tpetra::ScopeGuard tpetraScope(&argc,&argv);
  typedef double Scalar;
  typedef Teuchos::ScalarTraits<Scalar>::magnitudeType Magnitude;
  typedef double Scalar;
  typedef Tpetra::Map<>::local_ordinal_type LO;
  typedef Tpetra::Map<>::global_ordinal_type GO;
  typedef Tpetra::CrsMatrix<Scalar,LO,GO> MAT;
  typedef Tpetra::MultiVector<Scalar,LO,GO> MV;
  using Tpetra::global_size_t;
  using Tpetra::Map;
  using Tpetra::Import;
  using Teuchos::tuple;
  using Teuchos::RCP;
  using Teuchos::rcp;
  using Teuchos::Array;
  
  
  
  Teuchos::RCP<const Teuchos::Comm<int> > comm = Tpetra::getDefaultComm();
  int myRank  = comm->getRank();
  RCP<Teuchos::FancyOStream> fos = Teuchos::fancyOStream(Teuchos::rcpFromRef(std::cout));
  bool printMatrix   = false;
  bool printSolution = false;
  bool printTiming   = false;
  bool verbose       = false;
  std::string filename("arc130.mtx");
  Teuchos::CommandLineProcessor cmdp(false,true);
  cmdp.setOption("verbose","quiet",&verbose,"Print messages and results.");
  cmdp.setOption("filename",&filename,"Filename for Matrix-Market test matrix.");
  cmdp.setOption("print-matrix","no-print-matrix",&printMatrix,"Print the full matrix after reading it.");
  cmdp.setOption("print-solution","no-print-solution",&printSolution,"Print solution vector after solve.");
  cmdp.setOption("print-timing","no-print-timing",&printTiming,"Print solver timing statistics");
  if (cmdp.parse(argc,argv) != Teuchos::CommandLineProcessor::PARSE_SUCCESSFUL) {
    return -1;
  }
  
  if( myRank == 0 ) *fos << Amesos2::version() << std::endl << std::endl;
  const size_t numVectors = 1;
  RCP<MAT> A = Tpetra::MatrixMarket::Reader<MAT>::readSparseFile(filename,comm);
  if( printMatrix ){
    A->describe(*fos, Teuchos::VERB_EXTREME);
  }
  else if( verbose && myRank==0 ){
    *fos << std::endl << A->description() << std::endl << std::endl;
  }
  
  RCP<Amesos2::Solver<MAT,MV> > solver;
  try{
    solver = Amesos2::create<MAT,MV>("Superlu", A);
  } catch(std::invalid_argument e){
    
    
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
  }
  solver->symbolicFactorization();
  solver->numericFactorization();
  
  
  RCP<const Map<LO,GO> > dmnmap = A->getDomainMap();
  RCP<const Map<LO,GO> > rngmap = A->getRangeMap();
  
  RCP<MV> X = rcp( new MV(dmnmap,numVectors) );
  RCP<MV> Xhat = rcp(new MV(dmnmap, numVectors));
  X->randomize();
  
  Xhat->putScalar(10);
  
  RCP<MV> B = rcp(new MV(rngmap,numVectors));
  B->putScalar(10);
  try{
    solver->setX(X);
    solver->setB(B);
    solver->solve();
    if( printSolution ){
      
      X->describe(*fos,Teuchos::VERB_EXTREME);
    }
    
    RCP<MV> B_new = rcp(new MV(rngmap,numVectors));
    A->apply(*Xhat, *B_new);
    if( verbose ){
      if( myRank == 0) *fos << "New RHS vector:" << std::endl;
      B_new->describe(*fos,Teuchos::VERB_EXTREME);
    }
    solver->setB(B_new);
    solver->solve();
    if( printSolution ){
      
      X->describe(*fos,Teuchos::VERB_EXTREME);
    }
    if( printTiming ){
      
      solver->printTiming(*fos);
    }
    if( verbose ){
      Array<Magnitude> xhatnorms(numVectors);
      Xhat->update(-1.0, *X, 1.0);
      Xhat->norm2(xhatnorms());
      *fos << "Norm2 of Ax - b = " << xhatnorms << std::endl;
    }
  } catch (std::invalid_argument e){
    *fos << "The solver does not support the matrix shape" << std::endl;
  }
  
  return 0;
}